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− | =Rhea Section for [[ECE438]], Professor [[User: | + | = Rhea Section for [[ECE438]], Professor [[User:Mboutin|Boutin]], Fall 2010 = |
+ | <div style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(238, 238, 255); border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(68, 68, 136) rgb(68, 68, 136) rgb(68, 68, 136) rgb(51, 51, 136); width: 30em; padding: 2em; margin: auto; text-align: center;"> | ||
+ | Message Area: | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | ---- | ||
− | + | == News == | |
− | + | ||
+ | [[Presentation Use of MATLAB in classroom|Presentation of using MATLAB in classroom]] | ||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
---- | ---- | ||
− | ==Course Information== | + | |
− | *Instructor: [[ | + | == Course Information == |
− | **Office: MSEE 342 | + | |
− | **[[ | + | *Instructor: [[User:Mboutin|Prof. Mimi]] |
− | *Teaching Assistant: Rui Zhao | + | **Office: MSEE 342 |
− | **Email: zhao148@purdue.edu | + | **[[Open office hours mboutin|Office hours]] are listed [[Open office hours mboutin|here]]. |
− | **Office: MSEE 190 | + | *Teaching Assistant: Rui Zhao |
− | **Office Hours: Tuesday 10:20 - 11:20 am, 5:20 - 6:20 pm, Wednesday 10:30 - 11:30 am. | + | **Email: zhao148@purdue.edu |
+ | **Office: MSEE 190 | ||
+ | **Office Hours: Tuesday 10:20 - 11:20 am, 5:20 - 6:20 pm, Wednesday 10:30 - 11:30 am. | ||
**Electronic copy of code for lab 6.1, due Friday October 8, 2010 12am in [https://www.projectrhea.org/rhea/index.php/Special:DropBox?forUser=zhao148&assn=true Zhao148's dropbox] (ECE438L Sec1 Sec3) | **Electronic copy of code for lab 6.1, due Friday October 8, 2010 12am in [https://www.projectrhea.org/rhea/index.php/Special:DropBox?forUser=zhao148&assn=true Zhao148's dropbox] (ECE438L Sec1 Sec3) | ||
− | *Teaching Assistant: Shiv Biddanda | + | *Teaching Assistant: Shiv Biddanda |
− | **Email: sbiddand@purdue.edu | + | **Email: sbiddand@purdue.edu |
− | **Office: MSEE 393 | + | **Office: MSEE 393 |
− | **Office Hours: Tuesday 2:20 - 2:50 pm (MSEE 190), Thursday 5:20 - 6:20 pm (MSEE 190) | + | **Office Hours: Tuesday 2:20 - 2:50 pm (MSEE 190), Thursday 5:20 - 6:20 pm (MSEE 190) |
− | **Electronic copy of code for lab 6.1, due Friday October 8, 2010 12am in [https://www.projectrhea.org/rhea/index.php/Special:DropBox?forUser=sbiddand&assn=true Shiv's dropbox] (ECE438L Sec2 Lab1) | + | **Electronic copy of code for lab 6.1, due Friday October 8, 2010 12am in [https://www.projectrhea.org/rhea/index.php/Special:DropBox?forUser=sbiddand&assn=true Shiv's dropbox] (ECE438L Sec2 Lab1) |
− | *Teaching Assistant: Jaemin Han | + | *Teaching Assistant: Jaemin Han |
− | **Email: han83@purdue.edu | + | **Email: han83@purdue.edu |
− | **Office: MSEE 190 | + | **Office: MSEE 190 |
− | **Office Hours: Monday 4:20 - 5:20 pm (MSEE 190), Thursday 2:00 - 2:30 pm (MSEE 190) | + | **Office Hours: Monday 4:20 - 5:20 pm (MSEE 190), Thursday 2:00 - 2:30 pm (MSEE 190) |
− | **Electronic copy of code for week 7 ([http://engineering.purdue.edu/VISE/ee438L/lab6/pdf/lab6b.pdf Lab 6.2]), due Friday October 15, 2010 12am in [https://www.projectrhea.org/rhea/index.php/Special:DropBox?forUser=han83&assn=true Han83's dropbox] (ECE438L Sec4 Lab 6.2) | + | **Electronic copy of code for week 7 ([http://engineering.purdue.edu/VISE/ee438L/lab6/pdf/lab6b.pdf Lab 6.2]), due Friday October 15, 2010 12am in [https://www.projectrhea.org/rhea/index.php/Special:DropBox?forUser=han83&assn=true Han83's dropbox] (ECE438L Sec4 Lab 6.2) |
− | **Electronic copy of code for week 8 ([http://engineering.purdue.edu/VISE/ee438L/lab2/pdf/lab2.pdf Lab 2]), due Friday October 22, 2010 12am in [https://www.projectrhea.org/rhea/index.php/Special:DropBox?forUser=han83&assn=true Han83's dropbox] (ECE438L Sec4 Lab 2) | + | **Electronic copy of code for week 8 ([http://engineering.purdue.edu/VISE/ee438L/lab2/pdf/lab2.pdf Lab 2]), due Friday October 22, 2010 12am in [https://www.projectrhea.org/rhea/index.php/Special:DropBox?forUser=han83&assn=true Han83's dropbox] (ECE438L Sec4 Lab 2) |
− | *[[ | + | *[[Lecture Schedule ECE438Fall10 Boutin|Schedule]] |
− | *[[Media: | + | *[[Media:SyllabusECE438F10boutin.pdf|Course Syllabus]] |
*Important Dates: | *Important Dates: | ||
− | **Test 1, Friday October 1, 2010. | + | **Test 1, Friday October 1, 2010. |
**Test 2, Friday December 3, 2010. | **Test 2, Friday December 3, 2010. | ||
+ | |||
---- | ---- | ||
− | ==Material Used in Class== | + | |
− | *[[ | + | == Material Used in Class == |
+ | |||
+ | *[[DTFT Window Function|DTFT of a Window Function]] (used when discussing leakage effect of signal truncation in discrete-time). | ||
+ | |||
---- | ---- | ||
− | ==Getting ready for the Exams== | + | |
+ | == Getting ready for the Exams == | ||
*Past Exams From Spring 2009 (Note: slightly different ordering of the material) | *Past Exams From Spring 2009 (Note: slightly different ordering of the material) | ||
− | **[http://cobweb.ecn.purdue.edu/~mboutin/PastExams/438S09midterm1.pdf midterm1] | + | **[http://cobweb.ecn.purdue.edu/~mboutin/PastExams/438S09midterm1.pdf midterm1] |
− | **[http://cobweb.ecn.purdue.edu/~mboutin/PastExams/438S09midterm2.pdf midterm2] | + | **[http://cobweb.ecn.purdue.edu/~mboutin/PastExams/438S09midterm2.pdf midterm2] |
**[http://cobweb.ecn.purdue.edu/~mboutin/PastExams/438S09midterm3.pdf midterm3] | **[http://cobweb.ecn.purdue.edu/~mboutin/PastExams/438S09midterm3.pdf midterm3] | ||
*Past Exams From Fall 2009 | *Past Exams From Fall 2009 | ||
− | **[http://cobweb.ecn.purdue.edu/~mboutin/PastExams/438F09midterm1.pdf midterm1] | + | **[http://cobweb.ecn.purdue.edu/~mboutin/PastExams/438F09midterm1.pdf midterm1] |
**[http://cobweb.ecn.purdue.edu/~mboutin/PastExams/438F09midterm2.pdf midterm2] | **[http://cobweb.ecn.purdue.edu/~mboutin/PastExams/438F09midterm2.pdf midterm2] | ||
− | *[[ | + | *[[Midterm1 discussion ECE438F10|Discussion page for midterm 1]] |
− | *[[ | + | *[[Midterm1 statistics ECE438F10|Midterm 1 statistics]] |
+ | |||
---- | ---- | ||
− | == Lab Wiki== | + | |
− | [[ | + | == Lab Wiki == |
+ | |||
+ | [[ECE438 Lab Fall 2010|Here]]. | ||
+ | |||
---- | ---- | ||
− | == Lecture Blogs== | + | |
− | [[Lecture1ECE438F10|Lecture 1]], | + | == Lecture Blogs == |
− | [[Lecture2ECE438F10|2]], | + | |
− | [[Lecture3ECE438F10|3]] | + | [[Lecture1ECE438F10|Lecture 1]], [[Lecture2ECE438F10|2]], [[Lecture3ECE438F10|3]] ,[[Lecture4ECE438F10|4]] ,[[Lecture5ECE438F10|5]] ,[[Lecture6ECE438F10|6]] ,[[Lecture7ECE438F10|7]] ,[[Lecture8ECE438F10|8]] ,[[Lecture9ECE438F10|9]] ,[[Lecture10ECE438F10|10]] ,[[Lecture11ECE438F10|11]] ,[[Lecture12ECE438F10|12]] ,[[Lecture13ECE438F10|13]] ,[[Lecture14ECE438F10|14]] ,[[Lecture15ECE438F10|15]] ,[[Lecture16ECE438F10|16]] ,[[Lecture17ECE438F10|17]] ,[[Lecture18ECE438F10|18]] ,[[Lecture19ECE438F10|19]] ,[[Lecture20ECE438F10|20]] ,[[Lecture21ECE438F10|21]] ,[[Lecture22ECE438F10|22]] ,[[Lecture23ECE438F10|23]] ,[[Lecture24ECE438F10|24]] ,[[Lecture25ECE438F10|25]] ,[[Lecture26ECE438F10|26]] ,[[Lecture27ECE438F10|27]] ,[[Lecture28ECE438F10|28]] ,[[Lecture29ECE438F10|29]] ,[[Lecture30ECE438F10|Lecture 30]], ,[[Lecture31ECE438FS10|31]], ,[[Lecture32ECE438F10|32]] ,[[Lecture33ECE438F10|33]] ,[[Lecture34ECE438F10|34]] ,[[Lecture35ECE438F10|35]] ,[[Lecture36ECE438F10|36]] ,[[Lecture37ECE438F10|37]] ,[[Lecture38ECE438F10|38]] ,[[Lecture39ECE438F10|39]] ,[[Lecture40ECE438F10|40]] ,[[Lecture41ECE438F10|41]] ,[[Lecture42ECE438F10|42]] ,[[Lecture43ECE438F10|43]] ,[[Lecture44ECE438F10|44]] ,[[Lecture45ECE438F10|45]]. |
− | ,[[Lecture4ECE438F10|4]] | + | |
− | ,[[Lecture5ECE438F10|5]] | + | |
− | ,[[Lecture6ECE438F10|6]] | + | |
− | ,[[Lecture7ECE438F10|7]] | + | |
− | ,[[Lecture8ECE438F10|8]] | + | |
− | ,[[Lecture9ECE438F10|9]] | + | |
− | ,[[Lecture10ECE438F10|10]] | + | |
− | ,[[Lecture11ECE438F10|11]] | + | |
− | ,[[Lecture12ECE438F10|12]] | + | |
− | ,[[Lecture13ECE438F10|13]] | + | |
− | ,[[Lecture14ECE438F10|14]] | + | |
− | ,[[Lecture15ECE438F10|15]] | + | |
− | ,[[Lecture16ECE438F10|16]] | + | |
− | ,[[Lecture17ECE438F10|17]] | + | |
− | ,[[Lecture18ECE438F10|18]] | + | |
− | ,[[Lecture19ECE438F10|19]] | + | |
− | ,[[Lecture20ECE438F10|20]] | + | |
− | ,[[Lecture21ECE438F10|21]] | + | |
− | ,[[Lecture22ECE438F10|22]] | + | |
− | ,[[Lecture23ECE438F10|23]] | + | |
− | ,[[Lecture24ECE438F10|24]] | + | |
− | ,[[Lecture25ECE438F10|25]] | + | |
− | ,[[Lecture26ECE438F10|26]] | + | |
− | ,[[Lecture27ECE438F10|27]] | + | |
− | ,[[Lecture28ECE438F10|28]] | + | |
− | ,[[Lecture29ECE438F10|29]] | + | |
− | ,[[Lecture30ECE438F10|Lecture 30]], | + | |
− | ,[[Lecture31ECE438FS10|31]], | + | |
− | ,[[Lecture32ECE438F10|32]] | + | |
− | ,[[Lecture33ECE438F10|33]] | + | |
− | ,[[Lecture34ECE438F10|34]] | + | |
− | ,[[Lecture35ECE438F10|35]] | + | |
− | ,[[Lecture36ECE438F10|36]] | + | |
− | ,[[Lecture37ECE438F10|37]] | + | |
− | ,[[Lecture38ECE438F10|38]] | + | |
− | ,[[Lecture39ECE438F10|39]] | + | |
− | ,[[Lecture40ECE438F10|40]] | + | |
− | ,[[Lecture41ECE438F10|41]] | + | |
− | ,[[Lecture42ECE438F10|42]] | + | |
− | ,[[Lecture43ECE438F10|43]] | + | |
− | ,[[Lecture44ECE438F10|44]] | + | |
− | ,[[Lecture45ECE438F10|45]]. | + | |
---- | ---- | ||
− | ==Homework== | + | |
− | *[[ | + | == Homework == |
− | *[[ | + | |
− | *[[ | + | *[[Hw1ECE38F10|HW1]], due Wednesday September 1, 2010 (in class). [[ECE438 HW1 Solution|Solution]] |
− | *HW4, due Wednesday September 22, 2010: complete the peer review of [[ | + | *[[Hw2ECE38F10|HW2]], due Wednesday September 8, 2010 6pm in [https://www.projectrhea.org/rhea/index.php/Special:DropBox?forUser=mboutin&assn=true Prof. Boutin's dropbox] (the ECE438 HW2 Assignment box). [[ECE438 HW2 Solution|Example Solution]] |
− | *[[ | + | *[[Hw3ECE438F10|HW3]], due Wednesday September 15, 2010. [[ECE438 HW3 Solution|Solution]] |
− | *[[ | + | *HW4, due Wednesday September 22, 2010: complete the peer review of [[Hw3ECE438F10|HW3]]. |
− | *[[ | + | *[[Hw5ECE438F10|HW5]], due Wednesday September 29, 2010. [[ECE438 HW4 Solution|Solution]] [[ECE438 HW5 Solution|Example Solution]] |
+ | *[[Hw6ECE438F10|HW6]], due Friday October 15, 2010. Enjoy your Fall break! | ||
+ | *[[Hw7ECE438F10|HW7]], due Friday October 22, 2010. | ||
+ | |||
---- | ---- | ||
− | ==To brush up on fundamental material== | + | |
− | *[[Hw1periodicECE301f08profcomments|ECE301 stuff about the construction of periodic signals]] | + | == To brush up on fundamental material == |
− | *[[ | + | |
− | *[[ | + | *[[Hw1periodicECE301f08profcomments|ECE301 stuff about the construction of periodic signals]] |
+ | *[[Recommended exercise Fourier series computation|Recommended exercises of Fourier series computations for CT signals]], especially [[Fourier series coefficients student 1|this one]]. | ||
+ | *[[Recommended exercise Fourier series computation DT|Recommended exercises of Fourier series computations for DT signals]] | ||
+ | |||
---- | ---- | ||
− | ==Discussions== | + | |
− | *Read what previous students have to say about ECE438 on the [[ | + | == Discussions == |
+ | |||
+ | *Read what previous students have to say about ECE438 on the [[Peer Legacy ECE438|ECE438 Peer Legacy Page]] | ||
+ | |||
---- | ---- | ||
− | |||
− | |||
− | == Links== | + | == Resources == |
− | *[[ | + | |
+ | *[[Collective Table of Formulas|Rhea's Collective Table of Formulas]]. Add your formulas now! | ||
+ | |||
+ | == Links == | ||
+ | |||
+ | *[[Homework 1 ECE301Fall2008mboutin|ECE301 students playing music with Matlab]] | ||
---- | ---- | ||
− | |||
− | |||
− | {| | + | == Your turn! A bonus point opportunity == |
− | + | ||
− | + | Students in ECE438 Fall 2010 have the opportunity to earn up to a 3% bonus by contributing a Rhea page on a subject related to digital signal processing. To pick a subject, simply write your name next to it. Please no more than one student per subject. Your page will be graded based on content as well as interactions with other people (page views, comments/questions on the page, etc.). The number of links to other courses and subjects will also be taken into account: the more the merrier! Please do not simply copy the lecture notes and do not plagiarize. Read [[Rhea:Copyrights|Rhea's copyright policy]] before proceeding. | |
− | + | ||
− | + | {| border="1" class="wikitable" | |
|- | |- | ||
− | + | ! Topic Number | |
− | + | ! Topic Description | |
− | + | ! Student Name | |
− | + | ! Deadline | |
|- | |- | ||
− | | | + | | 1 |
− | | | + | | [[CT DT Fourier transform ECE438F10|CT and DT Fourier transform]] |
− | | Write your name | + | | Write your name |
| TBD | | TBD | ||
− | |- | + | |- |
− | | | + | | 2 |
− | | [[ | + | | [[Z transform ECE438F10|z-transform]] |
− | | | + | | Chang Keun Yoon |
| TBD | | TBD | ||
− | |- | + | |- |
− | | | + | | 3 |
− | | [[ | + | | [[Sampling ECE438F10|Signal Sampling]] |
− | | Write your name | + | | Write your name |
| TBD | | TBD | ||
− | |- | + | |- |
− | | | + | | 4 |
− | | [[ | + | | [[Discrete Fourier transform ECE438F10|Discrete Fourier transform]] |
− | + | | Write your name | |
− | + | ||
− | + | ||
− | + | ||
− | + | ||
− | | Write your name | + | |
| TBD | | TBD | ||
− | |- | + | |- |
− | | | + | | 5 |
− | | [[ | + | | [[Fast Fourier transform ECE438F10|Fast Fourier transform]] |
− | | | + | | Write your name |
− | + | ||
− | + | ||
− | + | ||
− | + | ||
− | + | ||
| TBD | | TBD | ||
− | |- | + | |- |
− | | | + | | 6 |
− | | [[ | + | | [[DT Systems ECE438F10|DT Systems]] |
− | | Write your name | + | | Write your name |
| TBD | | TBD | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | | + | | 7 |
− | | [[ | + | | [[Filtering ECE438F10|Filtering-Recap]] |
− | | Write your name | + | | Write your name |
| TBD | | TBD | ||
|- | |- | ||
+ | | 8 | ||
+ | | [[Summary speech ECE438F10|Speech]] | ||
+ | | Write your name | ||
+ | | TBD | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | | + | | 9 |
− | | [[ | + | | [[Spectral analysis 2D signalsb ECE438F10|Spectral Analysis of 2D signals]] |
− | | Write your name | + | | Write your name |
| TBD | | TBD | ||
− | |- | + | |- |
− | | | + | | 10a |
− | | [[ | + | | [[Image processingECE438F10|Image Processing]] |
− | | Write your name | + | | Write your name |
| TBD | | TBD | ||
− | |- | + | |- |
− | | | + | | 10b |
− | | [[ | + | | [[Image processing withPDEs ECE438F10|Image Processing Using Partial Differential Equations]] |
− | | Write your name | + | | Write your name |
| TBD | | TBD | ||
− | |- | + | |- |
− | | | + | | 11 |
− | | [[ | + | | [[Quantization ECE438F10|Quantization]] |
− | | Write your name | + | | Write your name |
+ | | TBD | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | 12 | ||
+ | | [[Audio signal Encoding ECE438F10|Audio Signal Encoding]] | ||
+ | | Write your name | ||
+ | | TBD | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | 13 | ||
+ | | [[Vuvuzelas ECE438F10|How to remove the sound of vuvuzelas from a digital recording]] | ||
+ | | Write your name | ||
| TBD | | TBD | ||
|} | |} | ||
+ | |||
---- | ---- | ||
− | [[ | + | |
+ | [[Course List|Back to Semester/Instructor Specific Course Wikis]] | ||
+ | |||
+ | [[Category:ECE438Fall2010Boutin]] |
Revision as of 09:02, 16 October 2010
Rhea Section for ECE438, Professor Boutin, Fall 2010
Message Area:
News
Presentation of using MATLAB in classroom
Course Information
- Instructor: Prof. Mimi
- Office: MSEE 342
- Office hours are listed here.
- Teaching Assistant: Rui Zhao
- Email: zhao148@purdue.edu
- Office: MSEE 190
- Office Hours: Tuesday 10:20 - 11:20 am, 5:20 - 6:20 pm, Wednesday 10:30 - 11:30 am.
- Electronic copy of code for lab 6.1, due Friday October 8, 2010 12am in Zhao148's dropbox (ECE438L Sec1 Sec3)
- Teaching Assistant: Shiv Biddanda
- Email: sbiddand@purdue.edu
- Office: MSEE 393
- Office Hours: Tuesday 2:20 - 2:50 pm (MSEE 190), Thursday 5:20 - 6:20 pm (MSEE 190)
- Electronic copy of code for lab 6.1, due Friday October 8, 2010 12am in Shiv's dropbox (ECE438L Sec2 Lab1)
- Teaching Assistant: Jaemin Han
- Email: han83@purdue.edu
- Office: MSEE 190
- Office Hours: Monday 4:20 - 5:20 pm (MSEE 190), Thursday 2:00 - 2:30 pm (MSEE 190)
- Electronic copy of code for week 7 (Lab 6.2), due Friday October 15, 2010 12am in Han83's dropbox (ECE438L Sec4 Lab 6.2)
- Electronic copy of code for week 8 (Lab 2), due Friday October 22, 2010 12am in Han83's dropbox (ECE438L Sec4 Lab 2)
- Schedule
- Course Syllabus
- Important Dates:
- Test 1, Friday October 1, 2010.
- Test 2, Friday December 3, 2010.
Material Used in Class
- DTFT of a Window Function (used when discussing leakage effect of signal truncation in discrete-time).
Getting ready for the Exams
- Past Exams From Spring 2009 (Note: slightly different ordering of the material)
Lab Wiki
Here.
Lecture Blogs
Lecture 1, 2, 3 ,4 ,5 ,6 ,7 ,8 ,9 ,10 ,11 ,12 ,13 ,14 ,15 ,16 ,17 ,18 ,19 ,20 ,21 ,22 ,23 ,24 ,25 ,26 ,27 ,28 ,29 ,Lecture 30, ,31, ,32 ,33 ,34 ,35 ,36 ,37 ,38 ,39 ,40 ,41 ,42 ,43 ,44 ,45.
Homework
- HW1, due Wednesday September 1, 2010 (in class). Solution
- HW2, due Wednesday September 8, 2010 6pm in Prof. Boutin's dropbox (the ECE438 HW2 Assignment box). Example Solution
- HW3, due Wednesday September 15, 2010. Solution
- HW4, due Wednesday September 22, 2010: complete the peer review of HW3.
- HW5, due Wednesday September 29, 2010. Solution Example Solution
- HW6, due Friday October 15, 2010. Enjoy your Fall break!
- HW7, due Friday October 22, 2010.
To brush up on fundamental material
- ECE301 stuff about the construction of periodic signals
- Recommended exercises of Fourier series computations for CT signals, especially this one.
- Recommended exercises of Fourier series computations for DT signals
Discussions
- Read what previous students have to say about ECE438 on the ECE438 Peer Legacy Page
Resources
- Rhea's Collective Table of Formulas. Add your formulas now!
Links
Your turn! A bonus point opportunity
Students in ECE438 Fall 2010 have the opportunity to earn up to a 3% bonus by contributing a Rhea page on a subject related to digital signal processing. To pick a subject, simply write your name next to it. Please no more than one student per subject. Your page will be graded based on content as well as interactions with other people (page views, comments/questions on the page, etc.). The number of links to other courses and subjects will also be taken into account: the more the merrier! Please do not simply copy the lecture notes and do not plagiarize. Read Rhea's copyright policy before proceeding.
Topic Number | Topic Description | Student Name | Deadline |
---|---|---|---|
1 | CT and DT Fourier transform | Write your name | TBD |
2 | z-transform | Chang Keun Yoon | TBD |
3 | Signal Sampling | Write your name | TBD |
4 | Discrete Fourier transform | Write your name | TBD |
5 | Fast Fourier transform | Write your name | TBD |
6 | DT Systems | Write your name | TBD |
7 | Filtering-Recap | Write your name | TBD |
8 | Speech | Write your name | TBD |
9 | Spectral Analysis of 2D signals | Write your name | TBD |
10a | Image Processing | Write your name | TBD |
10b | Image Processing Using Partial Differential Equations | Write your name | TBD |
11 | Quantization | Write your name | TBD |
12 | Audio Signal Encoding | Write your name | TBD |
13 | How to remove the sound of vuvuzelas from a digital recording | Write your name | TBD |