(New page: The general proof of the pb 7.2 (a) is in page 126 Wheeden and Zygmund. The proof shows that for every finite measure space, <math> ||f||_{n} \arrow ||f||_{\infty}</math>. For (b), <mat...)
 
 
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The general proof of the pb 7.2 (a) is in page 126 Wheeden and Zygmund.
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a) Prove that <math>\lim_{n\rightarrow\infty} \|f\|_p = \|f\|_{\infty}</math>
  
The proof shows that for every finite measure space, <math> ||f||_{n} \arrow ||f||_{\infty}</math>.
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Let <math>M = \|f\|_{\infty}</math>
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If <math>M^{\prime} < M</math>, then <math>\omega(M') = \left|{x\mid f(x) > M^{\prime}}\right| = |A|>0.</math>
  
For (b),
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<math>\|f\|_p \geq \left(\int_A|f|^p\right)^{\frac{1}{p}} \geq M^{\prime}|A|^{\frac{1}{p}}</math>
  
<math> lim_{n \arrow \infty} \frac{int_{X}|f|^{n+1}d \mu}{int_{X}|f|^{n}d\mu} = lim_{n \arrow \infty} \frac{||f||_{n+1}^{n+1}}{||f||_{n}^{n}}=lim_{n \arrow \infty} (\frac{||f||_{n+1}}{||f||_{n}})^{n}||f||_{n+1}=||f||_{\infty}</math>
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As <math>p \rightarrow \infty, |A|^{\frac{1}{p}} \rightarrow 1
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\Rightarrow \liminf_{p\rightarrow\infty}\|f\|_p \geq M^{\prime}</math>
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so <math>\liminf_{p\rightarrow\infty}\|f\|_p \geq M</math>
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<math>\|f\|_p \leq \left(\int_X M^p\right)^{\frac{1}{p}} = M|X|^{\frac{1}{p}}</math>, where <math>X</math> is our probability space.
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<math>\limsup_{p \rightarrow \infty}\|f\|_p \leq  M</math>
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<math>\lim_{p \rightarrow \infty}\|f\|_p = M</math>
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b) Prove that <math>\lim_{n\rightarrow\infty} \frac{\int_X|f|^{n+1}d\mu}{\int_X|f|^nd\mu} = \|f\|_{\infty}</math>
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<math>\int_X|f|^{n+1} \leq \|f\|_{\infty}\int_X|f|^n</math>, by Holder's Inequality
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<math>\Rightarrow
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\frac{\int_X|f|^{n+1}}{\int_X|f|^{n}} \leq \|f\|_{\infty}
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\limsup{\frac{\int_X|f|^{n+1}}{\int_X|f|^{n}}} \leq \|f\|_{\infty}</math>
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Consider <math>\varphi(t)= t^{\frac{n+1}{n}}</math> and notice it is convex so
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<math>\frac{\int_X|f|^{n+1}}{\int_X|f|^{n}} \geq \frac{\left(\int_X|f|^{n}\right)^{\frac{n+1}{n}}}{\int_X|f|^{n}} = \left(\int_X|f|^{n}\right)^{\frac{1}{n}} \nearrow \|f\|_{\infty}</math>
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<math>\liminf\frac{\int_X|f|^{n+1}}{\int_X|f|^{n}} \geq \|f\|_{\infty}</math>
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Thus <math>\lim_{n\rightarrow\infty} \frac{\int_X|f|^{n+1}d\mu}{\int_X|f|^nd\mu} = \|f\|_{\infty}</math>
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c) Are the results above true for any finite measure space? For any measure space?
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Any finite measure space is equivalent to a probability space hence the above parts hold. However, on an infinite measure space consider the constant function <math>f(x)=c</math>. We find that <math>\|f\|_{\infty} =c</math>, but <math>f(x) \notin L^p</math> for <math>0 \leq p < \infty</math>

Latest revision as of 14:00, 11 July 2008

a) Prove that $ \lim_{n\rightarrow\infty} \|f\|_p = \|f\|_{\infty} $

Let $ M = \|f\|_{\infty} $ If $ M^{\prime} < M $, then $ \omega(M') = \left|{x\mid f(x) > M^{\prime}}\right| = |A|>0. $

$ \|f\|_p \geq \left(\int_A|f|^p\right)^{\frac{1}{p}} \geq M^{\prime}|A|^{\frac{1}{p}} $

As $ p \rightarrow \infty, |A|^{\frac{1}{p}} \rightarrow 1 \Rightarrow \liminf_{p\rightarrow\infty}\|f\|_p \geq M^{\prime} $ so $ \liminf_{p\rightarrow\infty}\|f\|_p \geq M $

$ \|f\|_p \leq \left(\int_X M^p\right)^{\frac{1}{p}} = M|X|^{\frac{1}{p}} $, where $ X $ is our probability space.

$ \limsup_{p \rightarrow \infty}\|f\|_p \leq M $

$ \lim_{p \rightarrow \infty}\|f\|_p = M $


b) Prove that $ \lim_{n\rightarrow\infty} \frac{\int_X|f|^{n+1}d\mu}{\int_X|f|^nd\mu} = \|f\|_{\infty} $

$ \int_X|f|^{n+1} \leq \|f\|_{\infty}\int_X|f|^n $, by Holder's Inequality

$ \Rightarrow \frac{\int_X|f|^{n+1}}{\int_X|f|^{n}} \leq \|f\|_{\infty} \limsup{\frac{\int_X|f|^{n+1}}{\int_X|f|^{n}}} \leq \|f\|_{\infty} $

Consider $ \varphi(t)= t^{\frac{n+1}{n}} $ and notice it is convex so $ \frac{\int_X|f|^{n+1}}{\int_X|f|^{n}} \geq \frac{\left(\int_X|f|^{n}\right)^{\frac{n+1}{n}}}{\int_X|f|^{n}} = \left(\int_X|f|^{n}\right)^{\frac{1}{n}} \nearrow \|f\|_{\infty} $

$ \liminf\frac{\int_X|f|^{n+1}}{\int_X|f|^{n}} \geq \|f\|_{\infty} $

Thus $ \lim_{n\rightarrow\infty} \frac{\int_X|f|^{n+1}d\mu}{\int_X|f|^nd\mu} = \|f\|_{\infty} $

c) Are the results above true for any finite measure space? For any measure space?

Any finite measure space is equivalent to a probability space hence the above parts hold. However, on an infinite measure space consider the constant function $ f(x)=c $. We find that $ \|f\|_{\infty} =c $, but $ f(x) \notin L^p $ for $ 0 \leq p < \infty $

Alumni Liaison

Correspondence Chess Grandmaster and Purdue Alumni

Prof. Dan Fleetwood