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9b)

Let $ [a,b] \subset [0,1] $. Since F is continuous, $ F([a,b]) $ is compact, thus $ \exists \alpha , \beta \in [a,b] $ such that $ F(\alpha) \leq F(x) \leq F(\beta) \ \forall \ x \in [a,b] $ or $ F(\alpha) \geq F(x) \geq F(\beta) \ \forall \ x \in [a,b] $ .


Then $ m(F(E))\leq |F(\alpha)-F(\beta)| = |\int_{\alpha}^{\beta} f(t) dt| \leq \int_{\alpha}^{\beta} |f(t)| dt = \int_{[a,b]} |f(t)| dt $ So the claim holds for a compact interval $ [a,b]. $

Now let G be any open set. Then we can write G as a countable union of nonoverlapping compact intervals:

$ G = \cup_{n=1}^\infty [a_n,b_n] $

Then $ m(F(G)) = m(F(\cup_{n=1}^\infty [a_n,b_n]))=m(\cup_{n=1}^\infty F([a_n,b_n])) $

$ = \sum_n m(F([a_n,b_n])) \leq \sum_n \int_{[a_n,b_n]} |f(t)| dt = \int_G |f(t)| dt $ by disjointness of the intervals.

Finally for any E, let $ G_k $ be a collection of open sets $ \searrow E $. Then $ F(G_k) \searrow F(E)\Rightarrow m(F(G_k)) \searrow m(F(E)) $ so,

$ m(F(E)) = lim_{k \rightarrow \infty} m(F(G_k)) \leq lim_{k \rightarrow \infty} \int_0^1 |f(t)|\chi_{G_k} dt = \int_0^1 lim_{k \rightarrow \infty} |f(t)|\chi_{G_k} dt = \int_0^1 |f(t)|\chi_{E} dt = \int_E |f(t)| dt \Rightarrow $ claim.

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Ph.D. 2007, working on developing cool imaging technologies for digital cameras, camera phones, and video surveillance cameras.

Buyue Zhang