Part (a)
No. This system is not time-invariant. The general equation of the system is as follows.
$ X_{k}[n] = d[n-k] $
$ Y_{k}[n] = (k+1)^2 d[n-(k+1)] $
Shifting $ X_{k}[n] $ by a constant "a" yields $ X_{k}[n-a] $
Shifting $ Y_{k}[n] $ by a constant "a" yields $ Y_{k}[n-a] $
$ (1) X_{k}[n-a] = d[n-k-a] $
$ (2) Y_{k}[n-a] = (k+1)^2 d[n-(k+1)-a] $
As shown in (2), $ (k+1)^2 $ does not get shifted. Thus,
