KnnDensityEstimation - Rhea

Introduction

This slecture discusses about the K-Nearest Neighbors(k-NN) approach to estimate the density of a given distribution. The approach of K-Nearest Neighbors is very popular in signal and image processing for clustering and classification of patterns. It is an non-parametric density estimation technique which lets the region volume be a function of the training data. We will discuss the basic principle behind the k-NN approach to estimate density at a point X and then move on to building a classifier using the k-NN Density estimate.

Basic Principle

The general formulation for density estimation states that, for N Observations x₁,x₂,x₃,...,x_n the density at a point x can be approximated by the following function,

where V is the volume of some neighborhood(say A) around x and k denotes the number of observations that are contained within the neighborhood. The basic idea of k-NN is to extend the neighborhood, until the k nearest values are included. If we consider the neighborhood around x as a sphere, for the given N Observations, we pick an integer,
$ k \ge 2 $

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