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AC-2 2014

P1. (a)i) $ \begin{bmatrix} x_1(t)\\ x_2(t) \end{bmatrix}=\begin{bmatrix} -1 &-\frac{1}{2}\\ \frac{1}{2} & -1 \end{bmatrix}\begin{bmatrix} x_1(t) \\ x_2(t) \end{bmatrix}+\begin{bmatrix} \frac{x_0(t)}{2}\\ \frac{x_3(t)}{2} \end{bmatrix}=\begin{bmatrix} -1 &-\frac{1}{2}\\ \frac{1}{2} & -1 \end{bmatrix}\begin{bmatrix} x_1(t) \\ x_2(t) \end{bmatrix}+begin{bmatrix} \frac{1}{2}&0 \\ 0& \frac{1}{2} \end{bmatrix}\begin{bmatrix} x_0(t) \\ x_3(t) \end{bmatrix} $

ii) $ A=\begin{bmatrix} -1 & \frac{1}{2} \\ \frac{1}{2} & -1 \end{bmatrix}=\begin{bmatrix} -1 & 0 \\ 0 & -1 \end{bmatrix}+\begin{bmatrix} 0 & \frac{1}{2} \\ \frac{1}{2} & 0 \end{bmatrix}=\begin{bmatrix} -1 & 0 \\ 0 & -1 \end{bmatrix}+\begin{bmatrix} 1 & 1 \\ -1 & 1 \end{bmatrix}\begin{bmatrix} -\frac{1}{2} & 0 \\ 0 & \frac{1}{2} \end{bmatrix}\begin{bmatrix} \frac{1}{2} & -\frac{1}{2} \\ \frac{1}{2} & \frac{1}{2} \end{bmatrix} $


$ e^A=\begin{bmatrix} e^-1 & 0 \\ 0 & e^-1 \end{bmatrix}\begin{bmatrix} 1 & 1 \\ -1 & 1 \end{bmatrix}\begin{bmatrix} e^-\frac{1}{2} & 0 \\ 0 & e^\frac{1}{2} \end{bmatrix}\begin{bmatrix} \frac{1}{2} & -\frac{1}{2} \\ \frac{1}{2} & \frac{1}{2} \end{bmatrix}=\frac{1}{2}\begin{bmatrix} e^-\frac{3}{2}+e^-\frac{1}{2} & -e^-\frac-{3}{2}+e^-\frac{1}{2} \\ -e^-\frac-{3}{2}+e^-\frac{1}{2} & e^-\frac{3}{2}+e^-\frac{1}{2} \end{bmatrix} $

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Abstract algebra continues the conceptual developments of linear algebra, on an even grander scale.

Dr. Paul Garrett