Homework 7 Solutions, ECE301 Spring 2011 Prof. Boutin

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Question 1

$ \begin{align} \mathcal{X}(\omega)&= \sum_{n=-\infty}^{\infty} 5^{-|n+2|}e^{-j\omega n}\\ &= \sum_{n=-\infty}^{-3} 5^{(n+2)}e^{-j\omega n} + \sum_{n=-2}^{\infty}5^{-(n+2)}e^{-j\omega n} \\ &= 25 \sum_{n=-\infty}^{-3} \left(\frac{1}{5}e^{j\omega}\right)^{-n} + e^{2j\omega}\sum_{n=-2}^{\infty} (5e^{j\omega})^{-(n+2)} \\ &= 25 \sum_{n=3}^{\infty} \left(\frac{1}{5}e^{j\omega}\right)^{n} + e^{2j\omega}\sum_{n=0}^{\infty} (5e^{j\omega})^{-n}\\ &= 25\cdot \frac{\left(\frac{1}{5}e^{j\omega}\right)^{3}}{1-\frac{1}{5}e^{j\omega}} + \frac{e^{2j\omega}}{1-\frac{1}{5}e^{-j\omega}}\\ &=\frac{e^{3j\omega}}{5-e^{j\omega}} + \frac{5e^{2j\omega}}{5-e^{-j\omega}} \end{align} $

To verify our answer using the table, we first write:

$ x[n]=5^{(n+2)}u[-n-3]+5^{-(n+2)}u[n+2]=\frac{1}{5}\left(\frac{1}{5}\right)^{-(n+3)}u[-(n+3)]+\left(\frac{1}{5}\right)^{(n+2)}u[n+2] $.

Using the time reversal property (for the first term), the time shift property (for both terms), the appropriate pair from the table, and the linearity of the FT, we get:

$ \begin{align} \mathcal{X}(\omega)&=\frac{e^{3j\omega}}{5}\left(\frac{1}{1-\frac{1}{5}e^{j\omega}}\right)+\frac{e^{2j\omega}}{1-\frac{1}{5}e^{-j\omega}} \\ &=\frac{e^{3j\omega}}{5-e^{j\omega}}+\frac{5e^{2j\omega}}{5-e^{-j\omega}} \end{align} $.

Question 2

We choose the period from $ (-\pi,\pi) $ (which corresponds to the part of the signal for k=0) to compute the inverse DT Fourier transform of the given signal:

$ \begin{align} x[n]&=\frac{1}{2\pi}\int_{-\pi}^{\pi} \mathcal{X}(\omega)e^{j\omega n}d\omega \\ &=\frac{1}{2\pi}\int_{-\pi}^{\pi} \left[ \delta (\omega) +\pi\delta\left(\omega -\frac{\pi}{2}\right)+\pi\delta\left(\omega +\frac{\pi}{2}\right) \right] d\omega \\ &=\frac{1}{2\pi}\int_{-\pi}^{\pi} \delta (\omega) d\omega +\frac{1}{2}\int_{-\pi}^{\pi}\delta\left(\omega -\frac{\pi}{2}\right) d\omega+\frac{1}{2}\int_{-\pi}^{\pi}\delta\left(\omega +\frac{\pi}{2}\right) d\omega \\ &=\frac{1}{2\pi} + \frac{1}{2}e^{-j\frac{\pi}{2}n}+\frac{1}{2}e^{j\frac{\pi}{2}n} \\ &=\frac{1}{2\pi} + \cos\left(\frac{\pi}{2}n\right) \end{align} $

Question 3

a) First, we find the FT of $ x[n] $ and $ h[n] $:

$ \mathcal{X}(\omega)=\frac{1}{1-\frac{3}{4}e^{-j\omega}} $

$ \mathcal{H}(\omega)=\frac{1}{1-\frac{1}{2}e^{-j\omega}} $

Then,

$ \mathcal{Y}(\omega)=\mathcal{H}(\omega)\mathcal{X}(\omega)=\frac{8}{(4-3e^{-j\omega})(2-e^{-j\omega})} $

Now, we need to write out the partial fraction expansion.

$ \frac{1}{(4-3e^{-j\omega})(2-e^{-j\omega})}=\frac{A}{4-3e^{-j\omega}}+\frac{B}{2-e^{-j\omega}} $

Multiplying both sides by $ (4-3e^{-j\omega})(2-e^{-j\omega}) $, we get:

$ A(2-e^{-j\omega})+B(4-3e^{-j\omega})=1 $

Comparing both sides and solving, we have that:

$ A=\frac{3}{2} $, $ B=-\frac{1}{2} $.

Then, we have that:

$ \mathcal{Y}(\omega)=\frac{12}{4-3e^{-j\omega}}-\frac{4}{2-e^{-j\omega}}=\frac{3}{1-\frac{3}{4}e^{-j\omega}}-\frac{2}{1-\frac{1}{2}e^{-j\omega}} $

Using DTFT pairs, we get:

$ y[n]=3\left(\frac{3}{4}\right)^nu[n]-2\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)^nu[n]=\left[3\left(\frac{3}{4}\right)^n-2\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)^n\right]u[n] $

b) First, we find the FT of $ x[n] $ and $ h[n] $:

$ \mathcal{X}(\omega)=\frac{1}{\left(1-\frac{1}{4}e^{-j\omega}\right)^2} $

$ \mathcal{H}(\omega)=\frac{1}{1-\frac{1}{2}e^{-j\omega}} $

Then,

$ \mathcal{Y}(\omega)=\mathcal{H}(\omega)\mathcal{X}(\omega)=\frac{1}{\left(1-\frac{1}{4}e^{-j\omega}\right)^2\left(1-\frac{1}{2}e^{-j\omega}\right)} $

Now, we need to write out the partial fraction expansion.

$ \frac{1}{\left(1-\frac{1}{4}e^{-j\omega}\right)^2\left(1-\frac{1}{2}e^{-j\omega}\right)}=\frac{A}{\left(1-\frac{1}{4}e^{-j\omega}\right)^2}+\frac{B}{1-\frac{1}{4}e^{-j\omega}}+\frac{C}{1-\frac{1}{2}e^{-j\omega}} $

Multiplying both sides by $ \left(1-\frac{1}{4}e^{-j\omega}\right)^2\left(1-\frac{1}{2}e^{-j\omega}\right) $, we get:

$ A(1-\frac{1}{2}e^{-j\omega})+B\left(1-\frac{1}{4}e^{-j\omega}\right)\left(1-\frac{1}{2}e^{-j\omega}\right)+C\left(1-\frac{1}{4}e^{-j\omega}\right)^2=1 $

Simplifying we get:

$ A+C+B -\left(\frac{A}{2}+3\frac{B}{4}+\frac{C}{2}\right)e^{-j\omega}+\left(\frac{C}{16}+\frac{B}{8}\right)e^{-2j\omega} $

Now, comparing and solving we have that:

$ A=-1, B=-2, C=4 $.

Hence,

$ \mathcal{Y}(\omega)=-\frac{1}{\left(1-\frac{1}{4}e^{-j\omega}\right)^2}-\frac{2}{1-\frac{1}{4}e^{-j\omega}}+\frac{4}{1-\frac{1}{2}e^{-j\omega}} $

Using DTFT pairs we get:

$ y[n]=-(n+1)\left(\frac{1}{4}\right)^nu[n]-2\left(\frac{1}{4}\right)^nu[n]+4\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)^nu[n]=\left[4\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)^n-(n+3)\left(\frac{1}{4}\right)^n\right]u[n] $

c) We can rewrite the given signal as:

$ x[n]=(-1)^n=e^{j\pi n} $

The system is LTI, then we have that:

$ \begin{align} y[n]&=\mathcal{H}(\pi)e^{j\pi n} \\ &=\frac{1}{1-\frac{1}{2}e^{-j\pi}} e^{j\pi n} \\ &=\frac{2}{2-1}e^{j\pi n} \\ &=2e^{j\pi n} \\ &=2(-1)^n \end{align} $

Question 4

We have that:

$ x[n]=\cos(\omega_0 n)=\frac{e^{j\omega_0}}{2}+\frac{e^{-j\omega_0}}{2} $

Since the given system is LTI, then:

$ y[n]=\frac{\mathcal{H}(\omega_0)}{2}e^{j\omega_0 n} + \frac{\mathcal{H}(-\omega_0)}{2}e^{-j\omega_0 n} $

But it is given that $ y[n]=\omega_0\cos(\omega_0 n) $, hence we have that:

$ \mathcal{H}(\omega_0)=\mathcal{H}(-\omega_0)=\omega_0 \text{for } 0\leq\omega_0\leq\pi $

From the above we conclude that the frequency response of the system is:

$ \mathcal{H}(\omega)=|\omega| \text{for } -\pi\leq\omega\leq\pi $

Now, we find the unit impulse response by using the IDTFT integral.

For $ n=0 $, we have that:

$ h[0]=\frac{1}{2\pi}*\pi^2=\frac{\pi}{2} $

For $ n\neq 0 $, we have that:

$ \begin{align} h[n]&=\frac{1}{2\pi}\int_{-\pi}^{pi} |\omega| e^{j\omega n} d\omega \\ &=\frac{1}{2\pi}\int_{0}^{\pi} \omega e^{j\omega n} d\omega - \frac{1}{2\pi}\int_{-\pi}^{0} \omega e^{j\omega n} d\omega \\ &=\frac{1}{2\pi}\left[\frac{\omega e^{j\omega n}}{jn}+\frac{e^{j\omega n}}{n^2}\right]_0^{\pi}-\frac{1}{2\pi}\left[\frac{\omega e^{j\omega n}}{jn}+\frac{e^{j\omega n}}{n^2}\right]^0_{-\pi} \\ &=\frac{1}{2\pi}\left[\frac{\pi e^{j\pi n}}{jn}+\frac{e^{j\pi n}}{n^2}-\frac{1}{n^2}\right]-\frac{1}{2\pi}\left[\frac{1}{n^2}\frac{\pi e^{j\pi n}}{jn}-\frac{e^{j\pi n}}{n^2}\right] \\ &=-\frac{1}{\pi n^2}+e^{j\pi n}{\pi n^2} \\ &=\frac{1}{\pi n^2}[(-1)^n-1] \end{align} $

Question 5

a) Since we have a cascade of LTI systems, then:

$ \begin{align} \mathcal{Y}(\omega)&=\mathcal{H}_1(\omega)\mathcal{H}_2(\omega)\mathcal{X}(\omega) \\ &=\frac{2-e^{-j\omega}}{\left(1+\frac{1}{2}e^{-j\omega}\right)\left(1-\frac{1}{2}e^{-j\omega}+\frac{1}{4}e^{-2j\omega}\right)}\mathcal{X}(\omega) \end{align} $

Simplifying, we have that:

$ \left(1+\frac{1}{8}e^{-3j\omega}\right)\mathcal{Y}(\omega)=(2-e^{-j\omega})\mathcal{X}(\omega) $

Now, using inverse of the delay property of the DTFT we get:

$ y[n]=-\frac{1}{8}y[n-3]+2x[n]-x[n-1] $

b) The frequency response of the cascade system is:

$ \mathcal{H}(\omega)=\frac{2-e^{-j\omega}}{\left(1+\frac{1}{2}e^{-j\omega}\right)\left(1-\frac{1}{2}e^{-j\omega}+\frac{1}{4}e^{-2j\omega}\right)} $

Finding the roots of the quadratic equation in the denominator, we get:

$ \mathcal{H}(\omega)=\frac{2-e^{-j\omega}}{\left(1+\frac{1}{2}e^{-j\omega}\right)\left(1+j\sqrt{3} - e^{-j\omega}\right)\left(1-j\sqrt{3}-e^{-j\omega}\right)} $

Now we need to find the partial fraction expansion of $ \mathcal{H}(\omega) $.

$ \frac{2-e^{-j\omega}}{\left(1+\frac{1}{2}e^{-j\omega}\right)\left(1+j\sqrt{3} - e^{-j\omega}\right)\left(1-j\sqrt{3}-e^{-j\omega}\right)}=\frac{A}{2+e^{-j\omega}}+\frac{B}{1+j\sqrt{3}-e^{-j\omega}}+\frac{C}{1-j\sqrt{3}-e^{-j\omega}} $

Multiplying both sides by $ \left(1+\frac{1}{2}e^{-j\omega}\right)\left(1+j\sqrt{3} - e^{-j\omega}\right)\left(1-j\sqrt{3}-e^{-j\omega}\right) $ and simplifying, we get:

$ A+(2-j2\sqrt{3})B+(2+2j\sqrt{3})C-\left[\frac{A}{2}+(1+j\sqrt{3})B+(1-j\sqrt{3})C\right]e^{-j\omega} + \left(\frac{A}{4}-B-C\right)e^{-2j\omega}=2-e^{-j\omega} $

Comparing both sides we have that:

$ A=\frac{4}{3},B=C=\frac{1}{6} $

Hence,

$ \mathcal{H}(\omega)=\frac{4}{3}\frac{1}{2+e^{-j\omega}}+\frac{1}{6}\frac{1}{1+j\sqrt{3}-e^{-j\omega}}+\frac{1}{6}\frac{1}{1-j\omega-e^{-j\omega}} $

From the table of pairs we have that:

$ \begin{align} h[n]&=\frac{2}{3}\left(-\frac{1}{2}\right)^nu[n]+\frac{1-j\sqrt{3}}{24}\left(\frac{1}{1+j\sqrt{3}}\right)^nu[n]+\frac{1+j\sqrt{3}}{24}\left(\frac{1}{1-j\sqrt{3}}\right)^nu[n] \\ &=\frac{2}{3}\left(-\frac{1}{2}\right)^nu[n]+\frac{1-j\sqrt{3}}{24}e^{-j\frac{\pi}{3}n}\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)^nu[n]+\frac{1+j\sqrt{3}}{24}e^{j\frac{\pi}{3}n}\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)^nu[n] \end{align} $