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ECE Ph.D. Qualifying Exam in Communication Networks Signal and Image processing (CS)

= Question 5, August 2013(Published on May 2017),

Problem 1,2

Solution 1:

a) $ {{P}_{0}}({{e}^{j\omega }})=\sum\limits_{n=-\infty }^{\infty }{{{p}_{0}}(n){{e}^{-jn\omega }}}=\sum\limits_{n=-\infty }^{\infty }{\left( \sum\limits_{m=-\infty }^{\infty }{x(m,n)} \right){{e}^{-jn\omega }}}=\sum\limits_{m=-\infty }^{\infty }{\sum\limits_{n=-\infty }^{\infty }{x(m,n)}{{e}^{-j(m0+n\omega )}}=X({{e}^{j0}},{{e}^{j\omega }})} $

b) $ {{P}_{1}}({{e}^{j\omega }})=\sum\limits_{m=-\infty }^{\infty }{{{p}_{1}}(m){{e}^{-jm\omega }}}=\sum\limits_{m=-\infty }^{\infty }{\left( \sum\limits_{n=-\infty }^{\infty }{x(m,n)} \right){{e}^{-jm\omega }}}=\sum\limits_{m=-\infty }^{\infty }{\sum\limits_{n=-\infty }^{\infty }{x(m,n)}{{e}^{-j(m\omega +n0)}}=X({{e}^{j\omega }},{{e}^{j0}})} $

The solution used $ v $ and $ \mu $ to represent frequency axis. It used $ w $ to subuslitude both $ v $ and $ \mu $ which is confusing. The solution should stated let $ w=v $ and $ w=\mu $ at (a) and (b).

c)
$ \sum\limits_{n=-\infty }^{\infty }{{{p}_{0}}(n)}==\sum\limits_{n=-\infty }^{\infty }{\left( \sum\limits_{m=-\infty }^{\infty }{x(m,n)} \right)}=\sum\limits_{m=-\infty }^{\infty }{\sum\limits_{n=-\infty }^{\infty }{x(m,n)}{{e}^{-j(m0+n0)}}=X({{e}^{j0}},{{e}^{j0}})} $

d) No, they don’t. From part (a) and (b), we know that $ {{P}_{0}}({{e}^{jw}}) $ and $ {{P}_{1}}({{e}^{jw}}) $ represent the horizontal and vertical axes of the 2D DSFT $ X({{e}^{j\mu }},{{e}^{j\upsilon }}) $, which is not enough for reconstruction of x(m, n). For example, $ {{x}_{1}}(m,n)=\left( \begin{matrix} 1 & 3 \\ 2 & 4 \\ \end{matrix} \right),_{{}}^{{}}and_{{}}^{{}}{{x}_{2}}(m,n)=\left( \begin{matrix} 0 & 4 \\ 3 & 3 \\ \end{matrix} \right) $ have the same $ {{p}_{0}}(n)=\left[ \begin{matrix} 3 & 7 \\ \end{matrix} \right]_{{}}^{{}}and_{{}}^{{}}{{p}_{1}}(m)=\left[ \begin{matrix} 4 \\ 6 \\ \end{matrix} \right] $. So, x(m,n) can’t be reconstructed from $ {{p}_{0}}(n)=\left[ \begin{matrix} 3 & 7 \\ \end{matrix} \right]_{{}}^{{}}and_{{}}^{{}}{{p}_{1}}(m)=\left[ \begin{matrix} 4 \\ 6 \\ \end{matrix} \right] $.

Solution 2:

a) $ {{P}_{0}}({{e}^{j\omega }})=\sum\limits_{n=-\infty }^{\infty }{\left (\sum\limits_{m=-\infty }^{\infty }{x(m,n)} \right){{e}^{-jn\omega }}}=X({{e}^{j0}},{{e}^{j\omega }}) $

b) $ {{P}_{0}}({{e}^{j\omega }})=\sum\limits_{n=-\infty }^{\infty }{\left( \sum\limits_{m=-\infty }^{\infty }{x(m,n)} \right){{e}^{-jn\omega }}}=X({{e}^{j0}},{{e}^{j\omega }})} $

$ {{P}_{0}}({{e}^{j\omega }})=\sum\limits_{n=-\infty }^{\infty }{\sum\limits_{m=-\infty }^{\infty }{x(m,n)} {{e}^{-jn\omega }}}=X({{e}^{j0}},{{e}^{j\omega }})} $

To be consistent with the problem statement, frequency notation$ \mu $ corresponds to the spatial notation $ m $ and is the first parameter. As a result, the solution of the (a) and (b) can be switched.

c)

$ \sum_{n = -\infty}^{\infty}p_0(n) = \sum_{n = -\infty}^{\infty} \sum_{m = -\infty}^{\infty} x(m,n) =\sum_{n = -\infty}^{\infty} \sum_{m = -\infty}^{\infty} x(m,n) e^{-jn\cdot0}e^{-jm\cdot0} = X(e^{-jn\cdot0},e^{-jm\cdot0}) = X(e^{j\mu},e^{j\nu})\vert_{\mu = 0, \nu = 0} $

d)No. P₀  only represents the μ axis on X(e^jμ,e^jν). P₁ only represents the ν axis on X(e^jμ,e^jν). It is not enough to represent X(e^jμ,e^jν).

Similarly to the above comment, $ P_0(e^{jw}) $is the slice along $ \nu $ axis.

For example, assume two different array x₁ and x₂.

$ x_1 = \left [ \begin{array}{cc} 3 & 4 \\ 5 & 6 \end{array} \right ] $ and $ x_2 = \left [ \begin{array}{cc} 4 & 3 \\ 4 & 7 \end{array} \right ] $ have the same p₀ and p_1. 

Therefore, P₀ and P₁ will be the same for X₀ and X₁. We will not be able to recover x₀ and x₁ based on P₀ and P₁. 

Related Problem

1.Let g(x,y) = s'i'n'c(x / 2,y / 2), and let <span class="texhtml" />s(m,n) = g('T,n'T) where T = 1.

a) Calculate G(μ,ν) the CSFT of g(x,y).
b) Calculate S(e^jμ,e^jν) the DSFT of s(m,n).

2. Assume that we know (or can measure) the function

$ p(x) = \int_{-\infty}^{\infty}f(x,y)dy $

Using the definitions of the Fourier transform, derive an expressoin for F(u,0) in terms of the function p(x).

(Refer to ECE637 2008 Exam1 Problem2.)

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