Revision as of 15:50, 1 December 2014

Homework 11, ECE438, Fall 2014, Prof. Boutin

Question 1

Consider the following filter:

$ h[m,n]: \begin{array}{cccc} & m=-1 & m=0 & m=1 \\ n=1&\frac{1}{16} & \frac{2}{16} & \frac{1}{16} \\ n=0&\frac{2}{16} & \frac{4}{16} & \frac{2}{16} \\ n=-1&\frac{1}{16} & \frac{2}{16} & \frac{1}{16} \end{array} $

a) Write a difference equation that can be used to implement this filter.

b) Is this filter separable? Answer yes/no and justify your answer.

c) Compute the CSFT DSFT H(u,v) of this filter. Sketch the plot of H(u,0). Sketch the plot of H(0,v). What are the characteristics of this filter (low-pass, band-pass, or high-pass)?

d) What is the output image when this filter is applied to the following image (using symmetric boundary conditions)?

$ g[m,n]: \begin{array}{ccccccccccc} 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0\\ 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0\\ 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0\\ 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0\\ 0 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 0\\ 0 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 0\\ 0 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 0\\ 0 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 0\\ 0 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 0\\ 0 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 0\\ 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0\\ \end{array} $

Question 2

Consider the following filter:

$ h[m,n]: \begin{array}{cccc} & m=-1 & m=0 & m=1 \\ n=1&-\frac{1}{9} & -\frac{1}{9} & -\frac{1}{9} \\ n=0&-\frac{1}{9} & -\frac{8}{9} & -\frac{1}{9} \\ n=-1&-\frac{1}{9} &- \frac{1}{9} & -\frac{1}{9} \end{array} $

a) Write a difference equation that can be used to implement this filter.

b) Is this filter separable? Answer yes/no and justify your answer.

c) Compute the CSFT DSFT H(u,v) of this filter. Sketch the plot of H(u,0). Sketch the plot of H(0,v). What are the characteristics of this filter (low-pass, band-pass, or high-pass)?

d) What is the output image when this filter is applied to the following image (using symmetric boundary conditions)?

$ g[m,n]: \begin{array}{ccccccccccc} 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0\\ 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0\\ 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0\\ 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0\\ 0 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 0\\ 0 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 0\\ 0 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 0\\ 0 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 0\\ 0 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 0\\ 0 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 0\\ 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0\\ \end{array} $

Question 3

Consider the following filter:

$ h[m,n]: \begin{array}{cccc} & m=-1 & m=0 & m=1 \\ n=1&-\frac{1}{8} & \frac{1}{2} & -\frac{1}{8} \\ n=0&-\frac{1}{4} & 1 & -\frac{1}{4} \\ n=-1&-\frac{1}{8} & \frac{1}{2} & -\frac{1}{8} \end{array} $

a) Write a difference equation that can be used to implement this filter.

$ \begin{align} y[m,n] =& -\frac{1}{8}x[m+1,n-1] + \frac{1}{2}x[m,n-1] - \frac{1}{8}x[m-1,n-1] \\ & -\frac{1}{4}x[m+1,n] + x[m,n] -\frac{1}{4}x[m,n-1] \\ & -\frac{1}{8}x[m+1,n+1] + \frac{1}{2}x[m,n+1] -\frac{1}{8}x[m-1,n+1] \end{align} $

b) Is this filter separable? Answer yes/no and justify your answer.

Yes. The coefficient matrix of h[m,n] can be written as product of two vectors.

$ \begin{pmatrix} -\frac{1}{8} & \frac{1}{2} & -\frac{1}{8} \\ -\frac{1}{4} & 1 & -\frac{1}{4} \\ -\frac{1}{8} & \frac{1}{2} & -\frac{1}{8} \end{pmatrix} = \begin{pmatrix} \frac{1}{2} \\ 1 \\ \frac{1}{2} \end{pmatrix} \cdot \begin{pmatrix} -\frac{1}{4} & 1 & -\frac{1}{4} \end{pmatrix} $

Therefore the filter can be separate into two 1-D filters.

$ h_1[m] = -\frac{1}{4}\delta[m+1] + \delta[m] -\frac{1}{4}\delta[m-1] $

$ h_2[n] = \frac{1}{2}\delta[n+1] + \delta[n] +\frac{1}{2}\delta[n-1] $

c) Compute the CSFT DSFT H(u,v) of this filter. Sketch the plot of H(u,0). Sketch the plot of H(0,v). What are the characteristics of this filter (low-pass, band-pass, or high-pass)?

$ H_1(\mu) = DTFT\{h_1[m]\} = -\frac{1}{4}e^{-j\mu(-1)} + e^{-j\mu(0)} -\frac{1}{4}e^{-j\mu(1)} = 1-\frac{1}{2}cos\mu $

$ H_2(\nu) = DTFT\{h_2[n]\} = \frac{1}{2}e^{-j\nu(-1)} + e^{-j\nu(0)} +\frac{1}{2}e^{-j\nu(1)} = 1+cos\nu $

Using the separability,

$ H(\mu, \nu) = DSFT\{ h[m,n]\} = H_1(\mu)\cdot H_2(\nu) = (1-\frac{1}{2}cos\mu)(1+cos\nu) $

$ H(\mu, 0) = 2(1-\frac{1}{2}cos\mu) $

$ H(0, \nu) = \frac{1}{2}(1+cos\nu) $

d) What is the output image when this filter is applied to the following image (using symmetric boundary conditions)?

$ g[m,n]: \begin{array}{ccccccccccc} 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0\\ 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0\\ 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0\\ 0 & 0 & 0 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 0 & 0 & 0\\ 0 & 0 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 0 & 0\\ 0 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 0\\ 0 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 0\\ 0 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 0\\ 0 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 0\\ 0 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 0\\ 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0\\ \end{array} $

$ g[m,n]**h[m,n]: \begin{array}{cccccccccccc} 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & -\frac{1}{8} & \frac{1}{2} & -\frac{1}{8} & 0 & 0 & 0& 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 0 & -\frac{1}{8} & \frac{1}{8} & \frac{10}{8} & \frac{1}{8} & -\frac{1}{8} & 0 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & -\frac{1}{8} & \frac{1}{8} & \frac{7}{8} & \frac{10}{8} & \frac{7}{8} & \frac{1}{8} & -\frac{1}{8} & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & -\frac{1}{8} & \frac{1}{8} & \frac{7}{8} & \frac{9}{8} & 1 & \frac{9}{8} & \frac{7}{8} & \frac{1}{8} & -\frac{1}{8} & 0 \\ -\frac{1}{8} & \frac{1}{8} & \frac{7}{8} & \frac{9}{8} & 1 & 1 & 1 & \frac{9}{8} & \frac{7}{8} & \frac{1}{8} & -\frac{1}{8} \\ -\frac{3}{8} & 1 & \frac{9}{8} & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & \frac{9}{8} & 1 & -\frac{3}{8} \\ -\frac{1}{2} & \frac{3}{2} & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & \frac{3}{2} & -\frac{1}{2} \\ -\frac{1}{2} & \frac{3}{2} & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & \frac{3}{2} & -\frac{1}{2} \\ -\frac{1}{2} & \frac{3}{2} & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & \frac{3}{2} & -\frac{1}{2} \\ -\frac{3}{8} & \frac{9}{8} & \frac{6}{8} & \frac{6}{8} & \frac{6}{8} & \frac{6}{8} & \frac{6}{8} & \frac{6}{8} & \frac{6}{8} & \frac{9}{8} & -\frac{3}{8} \\ -\frac{1}{8} & \frac{3}{8} & \frac{1}{2} & \frac{1}{2} & \frac{1}{2} & \frac{1}{2} & \frac{1}{2} & \frac{1}{2} & \frac{1}{2} & \frac{3}{8} & -\frac{1}{8} \end{array} $

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