QE2012_AC-3_ECE580-3

Part 1,2,3,4,5



Solutions:

      $ A = BC = \begin{bmatrix}   1 & 0  \\   0 & 1   \\   0 & -1  \end{bmatrix} \begin{bmatrix}   1 & 0 &-1  \\   0 & 1 & 0    \end{bmatrix} $
      $ B^{\dagger} = (B^T B)^{-1}B^T = \begin{bmatrix}   1 & 0 \\   0 & 2    \end{bmatrix}^{-1} \begin{bmatrix}   1 & 0 & 0  \\   0 & 1 & -1    \end{bmatrix} = \begin{bmatrix}   1 & 0 & 0  \\   0 & \frac{1}{2} & -\frac{1}{2}    \end{bmatrix} $
      $ C^{\dagger} = C^T(CC^T)^{-1} =\begin{bmatrix}   1 & 0  \\   0 & 1   \\   -1 & 0  \end{bmatrix} \begin{bmatrix}   2 & 0 \\   0 & 1    \end{bmatrix}^{-1} = \begin{bmatrix}   \frac{1}{2} & 0  \\   0 & 1   \\   -\frac{1}{2} & 0  \end{bmatrix}  $
      $ A^{\dagger} = C^{\dagger}B^{\dagger} =\begin{bmatrix}   \frac{1}{2} & 0  \\   0 & 1   \\   -\frac{1}{2} & 0  \end{bmatrix} \begin{bmatrix}   1 & 0 & 0  \\   0 & \frac{1}{2} & -\frac{1}{2}    \end{bmatrix} =  \begin{bmatrix}   \frac{1}{2} & 0 & 0  \\   0 & \frac{1}{2} & -\frac{1}{2}  \\   -\frac{1}{2} & 0 & 0  \end{bmatrix} $
      $  x^{\ast} = A^{\dagger} b = \begin{bmatrix}   \frac{1}{2} & 0 & 0  \\   0 & \frac{1}{2} & -\frac{1}{2}  \\   -\frac{1}{2} & 0 & 0  \end{bmatrix}\begin{bmatrix}   0 \\   \frac{1}{2} \\   1  \end{bmatrix} = \begin{bmatrix}   0 \\   \frac{1}{2} \\   0  \end{bmatrix} $


Solution 2:

$ x^{(\ast)}=A^{\dagger}b $

Since $ A = BC = \begin{bmatrix} 1 & 0 \\ 0 & 1 \\ 0 & -1 \end{bmatrix} \begin{bmatrix} 1 & 0 &-1 \\ 0 & 1 & 0 \end{bmatrix} $

$ B^{\dagger} = (B^T B)^{-1}B^T = \begin{bmatrix} 1 & 0 \\ 0 & 2 \end{bmatrix}^{-1} \begin{bmatrix} 1 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 1 & -1 \end{bmatrix} = \begin{bmatrix} 1 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & \frac{1}{2} & -\frac{1}{2} \end{bmatrix} $

      $ C^{\dagger} = C^T(CC^T)^{-1} =\begin{bmatrix}   1 & 0  \\   0 & 1   \\   -1 & 0  \end{bmatrix} \begin{bmatrix}   2 & 0 \\   0 & 1    \end{bmatrix}^{-1} = \begin{bmatrix}   \frac{1}{2} & 0  \\   0 & 1   \\   -\frac{1}{2} & 0  \end{bmatrix}  $
      $ A^{\dagger} = C^{\dagger}B^{\dagger} =\begin{bmatrix}   \frac{1}{2} & 0  \\   0 & 1   \\   -\frac{1}{2} & 0  \end{bmatrix} \begin{bmatrix}   1 & 0 & 0  \\   0 & \frac{1}{2} & -\frac{1}{2}    \end{bmatrix} =  \begin{bmatrix}   \frac{1}{2} & 0 & 0  \\   0 & \frac{1}{2} & -\frac{1}{2}  \\   -\frac{1}{2} & 0 & 0  \end{bmatrix} $
      $  x^{\ast} = A^{\dagger} b = \begin{bmatrix}   \frac{1}{2} & 0 & 0  \\   0 & \frac{1}{2} & -\frac{1}{2}  \\   -\frac{1}{2} & 0 & 0  \end{bmatrix}\begin{bmatrix}   0 \\   \frac{1}{2} \\   1  \end{bmatrix} = \begin{bmatrix}   0 \\   \frac{1}{2} \\   0  \end{bmatrix} $

$ \color{blue} \text{ The pseudo inverse of a matrix has the property } (BC)^{\dagger}=C^{\dagger}B^{\dagger} $




$ \color{blue}\text{Related Problem: } $

$ \text{Given the matrix A and vector b:} A=\begin{bmatrix} 2 & 1 \\ 3 & 1 \\ 4 & 1 \end{bmatrix} b=\begin{bmatrix} 3\\ 4 \\ 15 \end{bmatrix} $


Find the vector $ x^{(\ast)} $ that minimizes $ \| Ax -b\|^{2}_2 $


Solution:

$ x^{(\ast)}=A^{\dagger}=(A^T A)^{-1}A^T b= \begin{bmatrix} -0.5 & 0 & 0.5 \\ 11/6 & 1/3 & 7/6 \\ \end{bmatrix} \begin{bmatrix} 3\\ 4 \\ 15 \end{bmatrix}=\begin{bmatrix} 6 \\ -\frac{32}{3} \\ 0 \end{bmatrix} $



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